How we build it

How we build the Desert Camel Report, and what we refuse to publish

Where every number comes from, how big a group must be, and what never reaches the page.

From source to page

How a row gets onto this report

A row reaches this report only after a person at RIVET has opened its source and approved it.

  1. 01Sources

    45 considered

    • 25 primary
    • 12 secondary
    • 8 snippet

    The register

  2. 02A routine proposes

    Each row carries its source link, the date the source carries and the sample it states.

  3. 03Pending

    Invisible: not on a page, not in a count, not in a chart.

  4. 04A person checks

    Opens the source, checks the figure, approves or rejects the row.

  5. 05Built in, with its own date

    • 88Hiring moves recorded
    • 69Quotes, word for word
    • 33Public compensation sources
  6. Rejected

    Stays in the sheet with its reason, so it is not proposed again.

Every row on every report page took this path. A rejected row never reaches a page.

The source register

What happened to every source we considered

The register

Every source we considered is listed: 14 published, 5 never published.

  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Snippet
One square per source, by what happened to it, shaded by tier. Pick a square to open its row in the register.
See the numbers
Sources in the register by what happened to them, 7 Nov 2026
On DCR pagesPrimarySecondarySnippetSources
Published131014
Published, one figure held1001
In Signals, as reported by0303
Method statement only1001
Waits for permission or a terms check4015
Not used67316
Never published0145
All sources2512845

Updated

Floors

How big a group must be

The rules

No community figure is shown below 10 people from 5 companies.

The smallest group each kind of figure needs, on one count axis from zero.
  • No company above 30% of a cell
  • 12-month window
See the numbers
Publication floors
CountsFigureFloor
People in a cellEarly signal10
People in a cellBenchmark30
People in a cellPerformance figures30
Companies in a cellEarly signal5
Companies in a cellCompany plans10
Saved skills checksSkills gaps30
Coded job posts in 90 daysSkills in job posts50

Coverage

Where the compensation sources come from

The ranges

33 public compensation sources from 5 publishers, in 8 of 9 cells.

Each dot counts one publisher’s sources in a market and role. The bar is the cell’s total, from zero.
See the numbers
Public compensation sources by publisher, 7 Nov 2026
MarketRoleS35S03S01S02S34Sources
EgyptSDR/BDR101103
EgyptAccount Executive211004
EgyptRevOps200002
Saudi ArabiaSDR/BDR211015
Saudi ArabiaAccount Executive220105
Saudi ArabiaRevOps00000No public source yet
United Arab EmiratesSDR/BDR211105
United Arab EmiratesAccount Executive321107
United Arab EmiratesRevOps110002

Updated

Role cuts

Where each role works

The role definitions

A person is placed by what they do, not their title.

The INFINITE Pipeline on the authored INFINITE mark: Acquisition (Identify, Navigate, Fit), the Winning bridge (Invest, Nurture) and Expansion (Implement, Transform, Expand). Expand re-enters as Identify, so it is a loop, not a funnel.
  • SDR/BDRIdentify and Navigate

  • Account ExecutiveFit, Invest and Nurture

  • RevOpsAll eight stages

Each bar sits under the rooms of the INFINITE Pipeline that role works in: Acquisition, the WINNING bridge, then Expansion.

The method in full

Every rule, word for word

01

What we publish, and what we never do

We publish figures with their source, sample and date: outside figures as their publishers give them, and community figures only above the floors below. Where we do not have enough, the page says “Not enough data yet” and shows how many people we have.

  • We never model or estimate a number we don’t have, and never fill a thin cell with a regression.
  • We never publish a minimum, a maximum or a single person’s value.
  • We never name an employer or show any figure for one company.
  • We never put figures from different reports, years or samples on one axis.
  • We never chart an outside source whose licence does not allow it; those stay in text until the publisher agrees.

Questions

Will you rate my employer?

No. The report publishes nothing per company: no company names, no company figures.

02

Three data layers, and how each contribution is checked

  • Outside sources, cited: the register below. Shown as “Sourced”, with “global” or “reported by” where that applies.
  • Individual contributions from SDRs, AEs and RevOps people, screened. Shown as “From our community” with the number of people and companies.
  • Company comp plans from sales leaders, one row per company, published as their own series and never pooled with individual rows.

Every published cell will show how many of its rows are verified from its first number. A “validated” label waits until we know how many people choose to verify.

Validation statuses for each contribution
StatusMeaningHow it is reachedPublished?
V0 ReceivedStored, not checkedOn submitNo
V1 ScreenedPassed the automatic checks: bot check, time on the form, currency matches the market or is USD, monthly and annual figures consistent, not a likely duplicate, and inside the cell’s outlier fences once the cell has 10 rows (before that, every row is read by hand)Screening script plus an analystYes
V2 Verified (email)V1 plus an optional one-time code to a work address on the company’s domain; the address is never storedAutomaticYes, counted as verified
V3 Verified (document)V1 plus an offer letter or payslip shown to a named RIVET analyst on a short optional call; nothing is copied or keptAnalyst, by invitationYes, counted as verified
X ExcludedFailed a check; the reason is kept (duplicate, implausible, wrong role, withdrawn)AnalystNo
03

Floors: how big a group must be before we show it

Every published cell reports the median of all people and the median of company medians (one company, one vote). If the two differ by more than 15%, the method line says so. Each cell also lists how many rows were excluded, and why.

Publication floors (RIVET’s rule, adopted 30 Oct 2026)
RuleValue
Privacy floor for any community figureAt least 10 contributors and at least 5 different companies
DominanceNo company above 30% of a cell. For value-weighted figures, the top 2 contributors at most 80% of the cell total
Rows without a companyCount toward the number of people, not toward the company count; at most half a cell; reviewed by hand before a cell opens
Company plans (sales leaders)Their own series, never pooled with individual rows; at least 10 companies per cell; one row per company per cell
Early signal (10-29 people)The middle half of people, n, the company count, how many are verified, the median as-of date
Benchmark (30 or more)The middle half, the typical value, the median of company medians, n, the company count, how many are verified
Performance figuresBenchmark floor only (30), within one quota unit; ramping reps excluded
NeverMinimum, maximum, single values, employer names, any per-company figure
Secondary suppressionIf a hidden cell could be worked out from a total and its siblings, we hide another cell or merge
Time12-month window. Values of open cells change at most monthly; a cell that newly qualifies may open within 7 days. Signals carry outside items and counts, never changed community values
Your own comparisonUses only published cells and cited outside figures, labelled as such
04

Windows, currencies and money

  • Window. A cell uses 12 months of contributions. Recency is shown, not filtered: every cell prints its median as-of month and the share of rows from the last 6 months.
  • Compensation. Monthly figures are annualised (× 12). Guaranteed cash is basic salary plus fixed allowances; OTE is guaranteed cash plus variable pay at 100% of target.
  • Currency. Cells publish in the currency of the compensation (EGP, SAR, AED or USD). The small multiples and the pooled region convert to US dollars at one stated rate per edition: the official pegs for SAR and AED, and the Central Bank of Egypt’s official rate on the edition’s cut-off date for EGP, each named with its date.
  • The pound. If the official EGP rate moved more than 10% inside a cell’s window, the cell says so and shows its US dollar value at the start and end rates.
  • Nominal money. Every money figure is nominal, labelled with its year, and not adjusted for inflation.
  • Gross and net. Egyptian base compensation is collected gross. An optional net figure is used only on the contributor’s own screen and never published.
  • Percentiles. Linear interpolation (Hyndman-Fan type 7). Public labels read “Middle half of people: X to Y · typical: Z”.
05

Fixed cuts and the level ladder

No free filters and no per-company figures: combining filters lets anyone subtract their way to one person’s compensation. We publish these cuts only.

The fixed cuts we publish (no free filters)
CutWhat it shows
Role × marketSDR/BDR, AE and RevOps in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE: 9 cells, as small multiples on one shared USD axis
Role × pooled regionEgypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE together: 3 cells. Opens first
Role × level (pooled)A level cell opens only when its sibling levels also meet the floor, or the smallest levels merge
AE × segment (pooled)SMB, mid-market, enterprise. An AE figure that mixes segments says “all segments”
Role × company stage (pooled)Early (pre-seed to Series A), growth (Series B and later), established (profitable private, public, a multinational’s subsidiary)
Egypt: role × compensation currencyPaid in EGP, or paid in US dollars or another foreign currency. Never pooled in one Egypt cell
Attainment: role × quota unit (pooled first)Pooled only across rows with the same quota unit, and labelled with it
How people place themselves: by what they do, not their title
RoleWhat countsLevels
SDR / BDRCreates qualified meetings or pipeline for others to close; does not own closing. Inbound, outbound or bothSDR I (learning the role, works from a set cadence) · SDR II (fully ramped, owns their accounts and messaging) · Senior SDR or team lead (coaches others or runs a pod)
Account ExecutiveOwns new-business deals to signature against a revenue quota. Segment: SMB, mid-market or enterpriseAE (closes on their own) · Senior AE (larger or multi-stakeholder deals, mentors) · Team lead (manages AEs and carries part of a number)
RevOpsOwns the CRM, reporting, forecasting and go-to-market process for the revenue teamAnalyst or specialist · Systems or admin · Manager
06

Consents and storage, in brief

Contributions are not open yet. Nothing on the report collects compensation, quota or skills answers until they open. When they open, answers are sealed (encrypted) the moment they arrive, kept out of our CRM and never used for sales follow-up. Signals sign-ups are separate: we keep your name, email, the editions you pick and, if you give them, your role and market, plus the page you signed up on, in our contact list.

Consents in brief (one screen, separate boxes, none ticked for you)
BoxWhat it allowsWithout it
18 or olderRequiredNothing is sent
ResearchUse my answers, without my name, to calculate the benchmarks; never for sales or marketing; withdraw any timeNothing leaves the browser; you still see your own breakdown and the global comparison
PublicationInclude my answers in published totals and ranges, only in groups of 10+ people from 5+ companies, no company above 30%Your row is used for screening only, not in published figures
Receipt emailEmail me my receipt and tell me when my cell opens (a service message, not marketing)No email
EditionsEmail me the Desert Camel editions I pickNo editions; sent separately from your numbers

See our Privacy Policy.

07

Skills and course recommendations

  • Skills are rated on a 5-level scale anchored to SFIA: Aware, Foundation, Practitioner, Advanced, Expert. Each level is written as behaviour.
  • Target levels per role are RIVET’s proposal, not market data. The evidence behind them is thin and we say so; they change as the evidence grows.
  • Gaps carry equal weight until our own count of regional job posts reaches its floor.
  • A course is shown only when it fits the role, the level, the entry requirements and is available now. Every recommendation says it is RIVET’s own course. When no RIVET course teaches a skill, the check says so and offers a free first step.
08

Source register

Every outside source we considered, including the ones we rejected. A figure on a report page carries its source ID; if the ID is not here, the figure does not ship.

Source register, 45 sources, 7 Nov 2026
IDSourceTierDateSampleLicenceOn DCR pages
S01Paylab (Alma Career) (opens in a new tab) ↗
Salary pages for Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE
PrimaryNo data date; read 4 Nov 2026Fewer than 20 verified respondents per IC sales title in Egypt and the UAE; 46 for Sales Representative in Saudi Arabia (page in Arabic); 51 for Business Development Manager in EgyptPublic pages '© 1997-2026 Alma Career Slovakia, s. r. o.. All rights reserved!'; client terms (paylab.com/tos clause 3.6) forbid publishing Salary Analysis output without prior written consentPublished
S02Levels.fyi (opens in a new tab) ↗
Sales salary by country (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Cairo)
PrimaryUpdated 4 Nov 2026UAE 31, Saudi Arabia 10, Cairo 11 salaries (Sales family); Business Development family Dubai 21, Egypt 12'Use of this data requires attribution to Levels.fyi' with the line 'Data source: Levels.fyi (https://www.levels.fyi)'; terms 1(e): 'generalized comparison only'; export needs a written agreementPublished
S03Indeed (opens in a new tab) ↗
Salary pages, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt (job-postings based)
PrimaryUpdated 13 Sep-29 Oct 202611 to 11k salaries per title, 'taken from job postings on Indeed in the past 36 months'Legal page (first 100k chars) has no salary-data reuse clause; A.5 'Always confirm actual salary figures and job details with the employer'Published
S04Michael Page (opens in a new tab) ↗
UAE Salary Guide 2027, Sales and Marketing (B2B): per-title Low/Medium/High pages
PrimaryAssignments 1 Jan-30 Sep 2026; pages read 4 Nov 2026Not givenNo copyright line on the per-title pages; site-terms URL 404; overview says figures are average monthly in thousands of AED incl. allowances, excl. bonuses and commissionsPublished, one figure held
S05Hays Middle East (opens in a new tab) ↗
GCC Salary Guide 2026
Primary2026 (12th edition)'a survey of over 1,600 employers and professionals in the Middle East' (Zawya press release); 'almost 400 roles in 11 sectors'All rights reserved; gatedNot used
S06Cooper Fitch (opens in a new tab) ↗
UAE and Saudi Arabia salary guides
PrimaryUAE Salary Guide 2026 (The National, 24 Jan 2026); guide years not shown on the download page'business leaders across 800 organisations' (press); '48 per cent of companies polled' plan to raise rangesGated; terms not readMethod statement only
S07Jobicy, ZeroTax Jobs, Plane, TalentUp, Jooble, jobs-radar and similar estimators
Job-board salary estimators (modelled from postings, no stated sample)
SnippetNot visibleNot visibleNot checkedNever published
S08Bayt.com and Glassdoor
MENA salary pages
SnippetNot shownNot read: Glassdoor and Bayt return 403 to fetches (4 Nov 2026)Not checkedNever published
S09GASTAT, CAPMAS (opens in a new tab) ↗
Official labour statistics
SecondaryVariousNational surveysNot checkedNot used
S10The Bridge Group (opens in a new tab) ↗
SDR Models, Motions & Metrics: 2025 Research Report (10th ed.), Bertuzzi, M.
PrimaryPublished 6 Feb 2025; online survey 2024-2025351 B2B companies; 78% North America-based; 83% B2B SaaSCite or quote summary findings with attribution and a linkPublished
S11The Bridge Group (opens in a new tab) ↗
AE Models, Motions & Metrics: 2026 Research Report (10th ed.), Bertuzzi, M.
Primary22 Jun 2026; online survey Q1-Q2 2026158 B2B companiesCite with the report's own citation formatPublished
S12RevOps Co-op and BoostUp (opens in a new tab) ↗
2025 RevOps Compensation & Impact Report
PrimaryNot stated1,000+ RevOps professionals (stated); report not readNot statedWaits for permission or a terms check
S13Pavilion (opens in a new tab) ↗
GTM Compensation Benchmarks
PrimaryNot statedNot statedMembers onlyNot used
S14RevOps Careers (opens in a new tab) ↗
What 1,890 real job postings tell you (salaries)
PrimaryPublished 5 May 2026; postings Jan-Mar 20261,890 postings; US 54%; salary from 485 US postingsAll rights reservedNot used
S15The Bridge Group (opens in a new tab) ↗
SDR 2025 report: performance and activity
PrimaryPublished 6 Feb 2025351 B2B companies; 78% North America-basedAs S10Published
S16The Bridge Group (opens in a new tab) ↗
AE 2026 report: performance
Primary22 Jun 2026158 B2B companiesAs S11Published
S17RepVue (opens in a new tab) ↗
Cloud Sales Index
SnippetQ1-Q3 2025Not confirmedNot checkedWaits for permission or a terms check
S18Salesforce (opens in a new tab) ↗
State of Sales, 6th edition
Primary25 Jul 2024; fieldwork 8 Mar-18 Apr 20245,500 responses; 27 countries (MENA inclusion not stated)Press-released findings: short facts with attributionPublished
S19Everstage (opens in a new tab) ↗
Sales Quota Attainment Benchmarks 2026
PrimaryNot stated25,112 quota carriers, 80+ countries (vendor data)Not statedWaits for permission or a terms check
S20Ebsta and Pavilion (opens in a new tab) ↗
2025 GTM Benchmarks
PrimaryNot stated655,000 opportunities (stated)GatedWaits for permission or a terms check
S21Gartner
Seller skills survey (press release)
Secondary16 Sep 20241,026 B2B sellersPress release; page blockedNot used
S22HubSpot
State of Sales
SecondaryConflictingConflictingNot checkedNever published
S23foundit (opens in a new tab) ↗
Insights Tracker (fit) July 2026: Hiring Trends in Gulf
PrimaryJuly 2026 editionOnline job postings; volume index, base 100All rights reserved: short figures with attribution; no tables or charts without permissionPublished
S24RevOps Careers (opens in a new tab) ↗
Skills and tools in 1,890 RevOps postings
PrimaryPublished 5 May 2026; postings 1 Jan-31 Mar 20261,890 postings; US 54%, India 12%, UK 7%All rights reserved: short quotes onlyPublished
S25LinkedIn, as reported by The National (opens in a new tab) ↗
Jobs on the Rise 2025, UAE
Secondary20 Jan 2025Window unconfirmedPress-releasedIn Signals, as reported by
S26LinkedIn, as reported by Gulf News
Skills on the Rise 2025
Secondary20 Mar 2025Not statedPress-releasedNot used
S27Cooper Fitch, as reported by The National (opens in a new tab) ↗
Q3 2026 employment index
Secondary20 Oct 2026Not described in the articlePress-releasedIn Signals, as reported by
S28Naukrigulf, as reported by Khaleej Times
UAE hiring, April-May 2026
SnippetJuly 2026Not statedNot checkedNot used
S29Revelio Labs via CEIC
UAE active job postings
Snippet15 Dec 2025Paid databaseCommercialNot used
S30Liaichi Mustapha (Substack) (opens in a new tab) ↗
What 20,133 Egypt job listings say
PrimaryPublished 15 Oct 2026; listings 14 Sep-14 Oct 202620,133 Tanqeeb Egypt listings; one-person analysisShort quotes with attributionPublished
S31World Economic Forum
Future of Jobs Report 2025
SecondaryJanuary 2025Over 1,000 employers, 55 economiesNot checkedNot used
S32PwC Middle East
Workforce Hopes and Fears 2025
Secondary15 Dec 20251,286 employeesNot checkedNot used
S33The Bridge Group (opens in a new tab) ↗
AE 2026 report: AI in AE workflows
Primary22 Jun 2026158 B2B companiesAs S11Published
S34ZenHR (opens in a new tab) ↗
Saudi Arabia Salary Guide 2025 (Sales Representative; Sales Manager)
Secondary2025; '2024-2025 market rates for mid-level professionals with 3-7 years of experience'Not stated; 'Source: ZenHR market data, HRDF, and public labour market surveys''ZenHR © 2026 All Rights Reserved'; no reuse clause; cite with a linkPublished
S35Payscale (opens in a new tab) ↗
Research salary pages: SDR, Business Development Executive/Officer, Account Executive, Sales Account Executive, Sales Executive, Sales Operations Manager/Specialist in the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Egypt
PrimaryLast updated between Aug 2022 and Sep 2026 per page (headlines say 'in 2026')6 to 54 self-reported salary profiles per pageTerms pages 404 this run; self-reported profiles; cite with a linkPublished
S36Hays Middle East (opens in a new tab) ↗
Hays Saudi Arabia Salary Guide 2026 (press release)
Primary2026; no release date printed'more than 700 employers and professionals who provided partial responses', 'nearly 400 who completed the survey in Saudi Arabia'; 'over 200 roles'Gated download; press release onlyNot used
S37Korn Ferry, as reported by Khaleej Times (opens in a new tab) ↗
Global Total Rewards Pulse Survey: UAE salary increase budgets 2026
Secondary4 Aug 2026; fieldwork June 20265,512 organisations across 135 countriesPress-releasedIn Signals, as reported by
S38Nadia Global, as reported by Aletihad (opens in a new tab) ↗
Annual Salary Report 2024-2025
Secondary2 Jan 2025Not statedPress-releasedNot used
S39Everstage and RevOps Co-op (opens in a new tab) ↗
State of RevOps Compensation Report 2026
Primary2026'1,350+ professionals''Everstage Inc., All Rights Reserved'; no licence noteWaits for permission or a terms check
S40Naukrigulf (opens in a new tab) ↗
Salary pages (SDR, Sales Executive, Account Executive; UAE and Saudi Arabia)
SnippetNot readSnippets say 'based on 2k latest salaries' (Sales Executive UAE) and 49 (SDR UAE); pages timed out three timesNot checkedNot used
S41Robert Half (opens in a new tab) ↗
UAE Salary Guide (2025 edition referenced; no 2026 UAE edition found)
PrimaryNot readNot readCopyright forbids reproduction without written permission (per search snippet)Not used
S42Mercer (opens in a new tab) ↗
Global Compensation Planning Report, inside look (4 Mar 2026)
Secondary4 Mar 2026Not read (fetch parse error twice)Not checkedNot used
S43GulfTalent, SalaryExpert, LinkedIn Salary, 6figr, Wuzzuf
Other salary pages tried
Snippet4 Nov 2026None readNot checkedNever published
S44Robert Walters Middle East (opens in a new tab) ↗
Saudi Arabia Salary Survey (and UAE salary survey pages)
PrimaryEdition not readableNot readableNot readable; page blockedNot used
S45JISR; Fletcher Piccolo Associates (FPA MENA) (opens in a new tab) ↗
Salary benchmarking tool (Riyadh); GCC Salary Guide 2026
SnippetJISR 2026; FPA GCC Salary Guide 2026JISR none stated; FPA 'Two thousand three hundred industry responses''(c)2026 JISR'; '(c) 2026 Fletcher Piccolo Associates. All rights reserved.'Never published
09

What waits for data

Opening every cell of the role-by-market grid as an early signal needs at least 90 usable contributions if they spread evenly, and 270 to make every cell a benchmark. The pooled region opens first.

What waits for contributions, and the rule that opens it
DataOpens atLikely to open first
OTE, guaranteed cash and variable share, by role and marketEarly signal: 10 people from 5 companies, no company above 30%, 12-month window. Benchmark: 30Each role in the pooled region; then SDRs and AEs in Saudi Arabia and the UAE together
Company comp plans (sales leader survey)Their own series: 10 companies per cellEach role in the pooled region
Level, AE segment, company stage, Egypt compensation currencyThe same floors, and every sibling cell must qualify tooAfter the role-by-market grid
Share at or above quota; attainment bands; SDR meetings; conversion and cycle bandsBenchmark floor only: 30 per cell, within one quota unitEach role in the pooled region
Variable earned against variable at targetBenchmark floor: 30 rows that gave variable earnedEach role in the pooled region
RevOps compensationAs OTEPooled region
Skills gaps against assessed levels30 saved skills checks per role and market, pooled region first; published as the share below target per skillPooled region
Skills in regional job posts (RIVET’s own count)50 coded postings per role and market in 90 days; otherwise rolled up to the regionAE and SDR, pooled
10

Changes and corrections

Changelog
DateChange
30 Oct 2026Preview edition. Sources checked 29-30 Oct 2026 (S01-S33). Floors set: 10 people from 5 companies, no company above 30%; 30 for a benchmark and for any performance figure. No community figures yet.

Spotted a mistake or a source we missed? Tell us; we check it for the next edition.

11

How a row gets onto this page

Everything on the report’s pages is a row in an editorial sheet, and a row only reaches a page once a person at RIVET has approved it.

  1. A routine proposes. A scheduled Claude routine reads public announcements, public posts and public salary guides and writes what it finds into the sheet as new rows: hiring moves, voices, compensation sources, skills and the Signals counts. Every proposed row carries a source link, the date the source carries, and the sample the source states.
  2. Every proposed row is pending. A pending row is invisible. It is not on the page, not in a count, not in a chart.
  3. A person approves or rejects. We read the source, check the figure against what the page would say, and set the row to approved or rejected. A rejected row stays in the sheet with its reason, so the same source is not proposed again.
  4. The page is rebuilt. The approved rows are exported, the build script turns them into the page’s data file, and the page is generated from it. Only approved rows are built in, so the page cannot show a row nobody read.
  5. The stamps are the data’s own. Each block says “Updated” and the newest date in that block. We never promise a day of the week or a time of day, because the data does not arrive on a timetable.

The first edition’s rows were researched and sourced in one pass and marked approved so they could ship together. Every one of them can still be rejected in the sheet, and the next build drops it.

Questions

Who approves a row?

A person at RIVET, in the editorial sheet. Nothing a routine proposes is published until someone has opened the source and approved the row.

How often does the page change?

Moves and voices are added as they are approved, and the counts are recounted when the moves change. Each block carries the date of its newest row; we do not promise a day.

The Desert Camel Report

Know the compensation, the skills and the hiring moves in your market, before your next conversation.

Edition November 2026, with its source beside it. The gaps are marked, not filled.